Jug

From Esolang

Jug is an esoteric programming language created by User:Marz. Inspired by Liquid and the Die Hard Water Puzzle, Jug involves pouring water between different jugs in order to accomplish integer arithmetic.

Contents 1 Language overview 2 Commands 3 Arithmetic 3.1 Addition 3.2 Subtraction 3.3 Multiplication 4 Examples 4.1 Hello, World! 4.2 Fibonacci sequence 4.3 99 bottles of beer

[edit] Language overview

Jug has 8 functions, which are called like so:

function(a,b);

Each function returns a value, meaning a function can be called with another function as a parameter.

Strings can be concatenated with ampersands, and can include numbers, like so:

99&" bottles of beer on the wall."

Strings cannot be stored in jugs, as they are not liquid.

[edit] Commands

jug(x,y);      - Creates Jug X (int), of size Y (int). Returns X.
fill(x);       - Fills Jug X (int). Returns X.
empty(x);      - Empties Jug X (int). Returns X.
pour(x,y);     - Pours water from Jug X (int) into Jug Y (int), stopping before Jug
                 Y overflows. Returns the volume of water poured (int).
echo(x);       - Prints X (string). Returns X.
volume(x);     - Returns the volume of water in Jug X (int).

if_empty(x){}; - If Jug X is empty, {...}. Returns X.
else{};        - Follows if_empty(x) statement. If Jug X is not empty, {...}. Returns X.
drain(x){};    - Loops until Jug X (int) is empty. Returns X.

[edit] Arithmetic

[edit] Addition

4+3

jug(0,4);
jug(1,3);
jug(2,100);
fill(0);
fill(1);
pour(0,2);
pour(1,2);
echo(volume(2));

[edit] Subtraction

7-2

jug(0,7);
jug(1,2);
fill(0);
pour(0,1);
echo(volume(0));

[edit] Multiplication

4*6

jug(0,4);
jug(1,6);
jug(2,1);
jug(3,100);
fill(0);
drain(0){
  fill(1);
  pour(1,3);
  pour(0,2);
  empty(2);
}
echo(volume(3));

[edit] Examples

[edit] Hello, World!

echo("Hello, world!");

[edit] Fibonacci sequence

jug(0,20);
jug(1,1);
jug(2,5000);
jug(3,5000);
jug(4,5000);
fill(1);
pour(1,3);
empty(1);
echo("0\n1\n");
drain(fill(0)){
	pour(2,empty(4));
	pour(3,4);
	echo(volume(4)&"\n");
	pour(3,empty(2));
	pour(4,empty(3));
	pour(0,1);
	empty(1);
}

[edit] 99 bottles of beer

jug(0,99);
jug(1,1);
drain(0){
	echo(volume(0)&" bottles of beer on the wall,\n";
	echo(volume(0)&" bottles of beer.\nTake one down, pass it around,\n");
	pour(0,1);
	empty(1);
	if_empty(0) echo("No bottles of beer on the wall.");
	else echo(volume(0)&" bottles of beer on the wall.");
}